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blindpig
01-28-2016, 12:03 PM
Raul Castro in CELAC Summit III: Solidarity in Our America will be decisive
By: Raul Castro Ruz
Published: Unity of Our America

January 28, 2015

http://www.cubadebate.cu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/raul-castro-celac-580x320.jpg
Raul Castro at the Third Summit of CELAC, in Costa Rica. Photo: EFE

Speech by Army General Raul Castro Ruz , First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba and President of the Councils of State and Ministers at the Third Summit of the CELAC , Costa Rica, on January 28, 2015, "Year 57 of the Revolution. "

Dear President Luis Guillermo Solis;

Dear Heads of State or Government of Latin America and the Caribbean ;

Dear Heads of delegations and guests who joined us:

Our America has entered a new era and has advanced since the creation of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, in their goals of independence, sovereignty over their natural resources, integration, construction of a new world order, social justice and democracy the people, by the people and for the people. There is now a commitment to justice and the right of the superior to any other historical period villages.

Together, we are the third largest economy in the world, the area with the second largest oil reserves, the largest biodiversity on the planet and with a high concentration of global mineral resources.

Build unity in diversity, cohesive performance and respect for differences remain our primary purpose and an unavoidable necessity, because the world's problems worsen and persist tough challenges and great dangers that transcend national and even subregional possibilities.

In the last decade, economic and social policies and sustained growth, allowed us to face the global economic crisis and enabled a reduction of poverty, unemployment and unequal income distribution.

The profound political and social transformations carried out in several countries in the region have brought dignity to millions of families who have escaped poverty.

But Latin America and the Caribbean is still the most unequal in the world. On average, 20% of households with incomes captures 5% of total revenues; 167 million people still suffer from poverty, one in five children under 15 live in poverty and the number of illiterates exceeds 35 million.

Half of our youth do not have secondary education or ninth grade education, but in the lower income sector not the full 78%. Two thirds of the new generation do not come to college.

Growing victims of organized crime and violence that threaten the stability and progress of nations.

What think the tens of millions of marginalized on democracy and human rights? What is your opinion on political models? What they would argue about the election laws? Is this a civil society taking into account governments and international organizations? What would they say if they are consulted on economic and monetary policies?

They have little to show our region in these areas, many of the industrialized where the United half of its youth are unemployed, the crisis on workers and students who are being repressed is discharged, while the bankers are protected , unionization is impeded, lower wages paid women for equal work, apply inhumane policies against immigrants, growing racism, xenophobia, violent extremism and neo-fascist tendencies, and where the citizens do not vote because they see no alternative to corruption of political or electoral promises they know they forget very soon.

To achieve the so-called social inclusion and environmental sustainability, we have to create their own vision about economic systems, patterns of production and consumption, the relationship between economic growth and development and also on the effectiveness of policy models.

We must overcome the structural gaps, ensure free and high quality education, free universal health coverage, social security for all, equal opportunities, achieving the full realization of all human rights for all people.

Within these efforts, will elementary duty of solidarity and defense of the interests of the Caribbean and, in particular Haiti.

A new international economic, financial and monetary order, which have no place and priority interests and needs of the South and of the majority, where there prevail imposed by the concentration of capital and neoliberalism is required.

Development Agenda after 2015 must provide solutions to the structural problems of the economies of the region and generate the changes that lead to sustainable development.

It is also essential to build a world of peace, without which development is impossible, governed by the principles of the United Nations Charter and international law.

The signing by the Heads of State and Government of the Proclamation of Latin America and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, marked a historic step and provides a reference for the relations between our countries and the rest of the world.

Solidarity in Our America will be crucial to advance common interests.

We express strong condemnation of the unacceptable and unjustified unilateral sanctions against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the continued foreign intervention aimed at creating a climate of instability in that sister nation. Cuba, you know all those stories deeply for having suffered for over 50 years, reiterates its strong support for the Bolivarian Revolution and the legitimate government led by President Nicolas Maduro.

We join Argentina in its claim to the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and the surrounding maritime areas. We support the South American nation and its President Cristina Fernandez, who faces attacks by hedge funds and decisions of venal courts, violate the sovereignty of that country.

We reaffirm solidarity with the people and government of Ecuador, Rafael Correa presiding in support of their demands for compensation for environmental damage caused by transnational Chevron in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

As we have said on other occasions, the Community will be incomplete as missing Puerto Rico. Its colonial situation is unacceptable, and Latin American and Caribbean character does not admit doubt.

In the peace process in Colombia, are significant agreements reached by the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army in the talks taking place in Havana. Never before he had come so far in the direction of achieving peace. Cuba, in its capacity as guarantor and venue of these talks continue providing the necessary facilities and contributing as much as possible to end the conflict and the building of a just and lasting peace in Colombia sister.

Give strong support, as before, the just demand of the Caribbean countries of reparation for the damage of slavery and colonialism, and we will firmly oppose the decision to deprive them of essential funding to consider technocratic pretexts to claim income average.

We welcome the excellent progress in CELAC-China Forum and the links of the region with the BRICS group.

We reiterate concerns about the huge and growing military expenditures imposed on the world by the United States and NATO as well as the attempt to extend the aggressive presence of this to the borders of Russia, with which we have historical and fraternal relations, mutually beneficial. We declare strong opposition to the imposition of unilateral and unjust sanctions against that nation.

The increased aggressiveness of military doctrine of NATO and the development of non-conventional wars, which have had devastating consequences and serious consequences, threatening international peace and security.

For Cuba, the principle of sovereign equality of States and self-determination is inalienable.

The General Assembly of the United Nations should use its power to preserve peace and security to the double standards, excesses and omissions of the Security Council.

You should not wait any longer to ensure their full membership to Palestine, which express the solidarity of the Cuban people and government. It must cease veto in the Security Council to guarantee impunity to the crimes of Israel.

Africa, where our roots are also not need advice or interference, but transfer of financial resources, technology and fair dealing. Always we defend the legitimate interests of the nations with which we fought shoulder to shoulder against colonialism and apartheid and with which we maintain fraternal relations and cooperation. We will always remember his unwavering solidarity and support.

Cuba's voice relentlessly defend just causes and interests of the South and will be loyal to their objectives and common positions knowing that Homeland is Humanity. The foreign policy of the Cuban Revolution will remain true to its principles.

Ladies and gentlemen:

On December 17, they returned to his homeland Cuban antiterrorist fighters Gerardo Hernandez, Ramon Labañino and Antonio Guerrero, who along with Fernando Gonzalez and Rene Gonzalez are for us a source of pride and an example of firmness.

The President of the United States acknowledged the failure of the policy against Cuba applied for over fifty years and the complete isolation that has led to their country; the damage that the blockade causes our people and ordered a review of the obviously unjustifiable inclusion of the island in the list of state sponsors of international terrorism.

Also that day, he announced the decision to restore diplomatic relations with our US Government.

These changes are the result of almost a century and a half of struggle and heroic fidelity to the principles of the Cuban people. They also made possible by the new age living in our region, and the strong and brave claim of the governments and peoples of the CELAC.

They have been a claim for Our America acted in close unity for this purpose in the United Nations and in all areas.

Preceded by the Summit of ALBA in Cumana, Venezuela, the discussions at the 2009 Summit of the Americas in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, led President Obama, newly elected, to raise a new beginning with Cuba .

In Cartagena, Colombia, in 2012, there was a heated discussion with a unanimous and categorical approach against the blockade, at which prompted a senior US official to refer to it as the great failure of Cartagena or disaster 'was the term exact-and discussed the exclusion of Cuba from the events. Ecuador, in protest, had decided to leave. Venezuela, Nicaragua and Bolivia argued that not attend another summit without Cuba and received the support of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The Caribbean Community took the same stance. Mexico and other nations also spoke.

Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela, before his inauguration, announced determinedly to invite Cuba, with full and equal rights to the VII Summit of the Americas and he did. Cuba immediately declared he would attend.

Marti certain shows when he wrote that "a just principle from the depths of a cave can be mightier than an army" (Applause).

To all those present I express the deepest gratitude to Cuba.

For the 188 States who vote against the blockade at the United Nations, who made a similar claim in the General Assembly, international summits and conferences and all popular movements, political parties, parliaments and personalities who mobilized tirelessly to that end, they thank you sincerely on behalf of the nation.

The people of the United States expressed growing opposition to the policy of blockade and hostility, more than five decades, we also reiterate our gratitude and friendly feelings.

These results demonstrate that governments have deep differences can find solutions to problems through respectful and exchanges based on sovereign equality and reciprocity for the benefit of their nations dialogue.

As I have repeatedly stated, Cuba and the United States must learn the art of civilized coexistence based on respect for the differences between the two governments and cooperation on issues of common interest that will contribute to solving the challenges facing the hemisphere and the world.

But do not pretend to do so, Cuba has to give up their ideals of independence and social justice, or give up on one of our principles, or assign a millimeter in defense of national sovereignty.

We will not be cause, nor accept any claim to advise or pressure on our internal affairs. We have earned this sovereign right with great sacrifices and the price of the greatest risks.

Could you perhaps restored diplomatic relations without resume financial services to the Cuba Interests Section and its Consular Office in Washington, cut as a result of the financial blockade? How to explain the restoration of diplomatic relations without removing Cuba from the list of state sponsors of international terrorism? What will be, from now on, the behavior of US diplomats in Havana regarding compliance with the standards established by the International Convention for Diplomatic and Consular Relations? This is what our delegation said the State Department in bilateral talks last week and more meetings to address these issues is required.

We have shared with the President of the United States willingness to move towards normalization of bilateral relations, once they are restored diplomatic relations, which involves taking mutual steps to improve the climate between the two countries resolve other outstanding issues and advance The cooperation.

The current situation opens modestly hemisphere an opportunity to find new and higher forms of cooperation which suit the two Americas. This would solve pressing problems and break new ground.

The text of the Proclamation of Latin America and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace is the indispensable platform for this, including the recognition that every State has the inalienable right to choose its political, economic, social and cultural systems, without interference in any form by another State, which constitutes an indispensable principle of international law.

The main problem has not been solved. The economic, commercial and financial blockade, which caused enormous human and economic damage and is a violation of international law, must cease.

I remember the memo undersecretary Mallory, April 1960, that in the absence of an effective political opposition, raised the goal of creating in Cuba hunger, desperation and suffering for the overthrow of the revolutionary government. Now, it appears that the objective is to foster artificial political opposition by economic, political and communications media.

The restoration of diplomatic relations is the beginning of a process towards normalization of bilateral relations, but this will not be possible as long as the blockade, not the territory illegally occupied by the Guantanamo Naval Base (Applause) is returned, not cease violate radio and television broadcasts international standards, there is fair compensation to our people for human and economic damage it has suffered.

It would not be ethical, fair or acceptable to ask anything in return to Cuba. If these problems are not solved, this diplomatic rapprochement between Cuba and the United States would not make sense.

Nor can it be expected that Cuba agrees to negotiate the issues raised by our internal, absolutely sovereign affairs.

Progress was made in the recent negotiation because we treat each other with respect, as equals. To move forward, you have to be.

We have followed with interest the announcement by the President of the United States of some executive decisions to amend certain aspects of the embargo.

The measures published are very limited. Credit persist ban, the use of the dollar in our international financial transactions; individual trips Americans are prevented under the license to the called "people to people", they are conditioned to subversive purposes and are also prevented from traveling by sea. Prohibited the acquisition continues in other markets in equipment and technology with more than 10% of US components and US imports of goods containing Cuban raw materials, among many others.

President Barack Obama could use his extensive executive determined to substantially modify the blockade authority, which is in your hands to do, even without congressional action.

It may allow other sectors of the economy everything has authorized in the field of telecommunications policy objectives with obvious influence on Cuba.

There have been significant decision to hold a debate with Congress with the aim of lifting the blockade.

US government spokesmen have been clear in specifying that now changing methods but not the aims of political, insisting acts of interference in our internal affairs, we will not accept. The proposed US counterparts should not interact with Cuban society in Cuba as if there were a sovereign government (Applause).

No one could dream that the new policy is announced to accept the existence of a socialist revolution 90 miles from Florida.

It wants the Summit of the Americas in Panama is called civil society and that is what Cuba has always shared. We protest what happened in the Conference of the World Trade Organization in Seattle in the Summits of the Americas in Miami and Quebec, at the Summit on Climate Change in Copenhagen, or when meets the G7 and the International Monetary Fund , where he was placed behind steel fences under a brutal police repression, confined to tens of kilometers of events.

Sure assist Cuban civil society and I hope that no restrictions for non-governmental organizations in our country that obviously have no interested in having any status in the OAS but they are recognized by the UN.

I hope to see in Panama to popular movements and NGOs advocating nuclear disarmament, environmentalists, against neoliberalism, the Occupy Wall Street and Occupy in this region, university and secondary students, farmers, trade unions, indigenous communities, organizations that oppose pollution schist, defenders of the rights of immigrants, denouncing torture, extrajudicial killings, police brutality, racist practices, claiming wages for women equal work, which require compensation for damage to the transnational companies.

However, the announcements made on December 17, have attracted worldwide recognition and President Obama has thus received broad support at home.

Some US forces try to abort this process begins. They are the same enemies of just US relationship with Latin America and the Caribbean, they are hindering bilateral relations in many countries of our region with that nation. They are always blackmail and pressure.

We know that the lifting of the blockade will be a long and difficult road will require advocacy, mobilization and resolute action by all people of goodwill in the United States and the world; the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly at its next session, the resolution calling to end and, most notably, the concerted action of Our America.

Dear Heads of State and Government:

Dear Friends:

Congratulations to Costa Rica, the President Solis and his government for their work in front of the CELAC. We welcome and will fully support to Ecuador and President Correa who will chair the Community in 2015.

Thank you very much (Applause).

http://www.cubadebate.cu/opinion/2015/01/28/raul-castro-en-iii-cumbre-de-celac-la-solidaridad-en-nuestra-america-sera-decisiva/#.VqpI7_krLZY

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blindpig
02-02-2016, 02:19 PM
Gerardo Hernandez: “They want to destroy the Cuban Revolution with a bear hug"

El País | Tuesday, 2 February 2016 | Click here for original article

http://www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/news/images/2939_1046.jpg


Gerardo Hernandez in Madrid, January 2016
Gerardo Hernandez in Madrid, January 2016

Considered the operational leader of the network of five Cuban agents arrested in 1998 Gerardo Hernandez proclaims himself a revolutionary with the same convictions of 20 years ago.

“They want to destroy us with their bear hug.” Gerardo Hernandez, 50, a militant since he was 15, is not one more member of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC). Nor are the intentions he attributes to the United States merely rhetorical.

Considered the operational leader of the network of five Cuban agents arrested in 1998 by the FBI –each one decorated in the island with the title of Hero of the Republic– and released under the bi-national relaxation announced on December 17, 2014, Hernandez has access to Raul Castro and the top echelon of the party. He proclaims himself a revolutionary with the convictions that nearly 20 years ago led him to accept a dangerous mission: to infiltrate the most violent anti-Castro groups in Florida and report on their activities.

His release after 16 years in prison was the main demand of the Cuban regime to open the process towards diplomatic normalisation. Hernandez’s case was the most complex and his sentence –passed by a federal court– the hardest: two life sentences on charges of espionage, conspiracy to commit murder and document forgery. A few days ago he travelled to Spain to thank the solidarity of supporters and to visit Gran Canaria, where his mother, who died in 2009, was born. Hernandez believes that the new US policy: tourist, diplomatic, commercial, cultural and sports exchanges, resemble a “bear hug” because its aim is to undermine the system from within.

“We have reasons for being very cautious. The US has always seen my country as its backyard and there are powerful interests that now see an opportunity to achieve what they’ve been unable to achieve by other means for half a century,” he said during an interview at the Cuban Embassy in Madrid.

”Many people want a real approach but influential congressmen and the Administration itself have not given up their intentions toward Cuba. And the goal has alwaysbeen to destroy the revolution. They are betting on doing so now with a bear hug.” Hernandez’s biography shows no ideological fissures: he was a distinguished member in the Union of Young Communists (UJC), participated in 54 combat missions in Angola (1989), and in the mid-nineties he headed the so-called Wasp spy network in the US.

Contrary to those who suspect that there are still undisclosed commitments, he maintains that the negotiations between the US and Cuba began without preconditions or intractable issues, without the Cuban government agreeing to promote political openings in the island in exchange for the lifting of sanctions. “I do not know what they have in mind, but I assure you that this process was begun on the basis that discussions would be conducted as equals, without preconditions, with respect and sovereignty.” In January 2015 his only daughter was born, conceived at a distance, from prison, because his wife was banned from visiting him. Assisted reproduction was authorised during the secret talks prior to the official announcement in 2014.

The former intelligence officer distrusts Washington.”There are allocations, large sums of money, public or not,earmarked for subversion in Cuba; but whatever changes that are to occur will do so by the will and the wish of the Cubans.” He does not believe in multi-party systems because he says it goes against”our own history. Marti spoke of the party of the Cuban nation. I have no crystal ball to predict the future and the changes and consensus that may exist in our population.Circumstances change, as does our own reality, but now the vast majority of Cubans want our system to remain socialist.” Following is the interview with this unshakable revolutionary.

Question. Can you quantify the social support of the revolution?

Answer. I could not tell if in 1970 it had 90% and now it´s 77%. I do not think anyone has the figures, but you can rest assured that without the backing of the majority of the people the revolution could never endure.

Q. So you would have to consult the people to confirm that majority, right?

A. It´s already been done. One of the processes of popular consultation was to discuss the guidelines (documents of the 6th Congress of the Party, 2011) Millions of opinions were collected on where the people want Cuba to go and what modifications should be made.

Q. Is it possible to incorporate the political participation of sectors outside the party?

A. Our electoral system provides for that possibility. There are cases of unaffiliated persons that have been proposed at community level. Not being a party member is not a limitation.

Q. But people inhibit themselves because they believe that there is nothing to do.

A. It would be illogical for a government that waged a war to win the revolution to encourage its own opposition.

Q. You propose to improve Socialism? What socialism are you referring to?

A. I insist that it has to bear the the name of Cuban because we already made the mistake of copying from other places and that didn’t work out well. It has to incorporate any mechanism
as long as it benefits the majority and has the support of the majority

Q. And the means of production owned by the state?

A. Our revolution has no plans to privatise them. That would go against the fundamental principles of socialism.

Q. Also social inequalities caused by the privatisation of services go against socialism. Do they not?

A. There are risks involved. The important thing is to give people equal opportunities. Blind egalitarianism leads nowhere. If a man makes money with his work without exploiting anyone, let it be welcome.

Q It seems that the Cuban youth live outside ideology.

A. They [the US] rely on the generational change of our historical leadership: that young Cubans have a different mentality, and do not have the same commitment to the revolution. It is their aspiration. And we must prepare ourselves for that."

A CubaNews translation

http://www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/news/article/2939/gerardo-hernandez-ldquothey-want-to-destroy-the-cuban-revolution-with-a-bear-hugquot

blindpig
02-18-2016, 02:55 PM
Develop clarity of task, unite the working class, our movement, and communities:
Advance the second, more radical phase of our struggle!!


By Cde Chris 'Che' Matlhako

Keith Bryer`s `The rise of a new Cuban bourgeoisie`, published by Sunday Independent/Business Report on 7 February 2016 makes a few telling remarks. It shows up to be a `piece` of demagogy and unsubstantiated sweeping untruths. His is a sweeping tirade against the Cuban revolution. The tirade is anti-communist. It does not have any regard to the facts, including the current process of the updating of the socialist project in Cuba. Instead of being informative, Bryer turned out as pure neoliberal demagoguery.

It is unforgivable not to analyse contemporary Cuban trajectory within the context of, and acknowledging the process of its updating of the socialist project because it has such far-reaching socio-economic implications. Literally a revolution in the revolution, the updating process seeks to correct decades` long weaknesses which have contributed to a slowdown in economic growth, growing foreign debt, inefficiencies and the problem of the black market.

Projects such as the `special economic zone` in Mariel provide the impetus Cuba requires to attract capital and technologies to invest in its socialist trajectory. Importantly, nearly eight million of the islands` 11 million population participated in a protracted process of articulating the reforms required to entrench the socialist trajectory, whilst at the same time bringing about the necessary changes to realise higher rates of growth and efficiencies all-round in the economy and production processes.

Having recently visited Cuba, that is December 2015, including the opportunity of exchanging with Cubans, both in the Cuban Communist Party (CPC) and elsewhere in society, the conclusions Bryer so nonchalantly arrives at were dispelled. Many an ordinary Cuban advocate the continuing of the socialist project coupled with reforms that would further ensure efficiencies to safeguard the quality of life - universal access to health and high life expectancy rate, high levels of education, access to housing etc. and the prosperous social-cultural life for all.

Cuba is again becoming a symbol and practical example of socialist construction in action across Latin America and beyond, despite the sabotage in the form of economic blockade imposed by the United States and other measures such as reactionary and counterrevolutionary propaganda which have come to be accepted by unsuspecting minds. It is dangerous to allow this to be regurgitated in South Africa especially without giving the other; that is the true side of the story an opportunity.

We should judge the Cuban socialist path on the goals which the revolution has set for itself. Bryer fails to appreciate the fact that despite the enormous pressures it has faced to abandon its communist vision following the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba`s faith in the socialist project has grown. Like Bryer, some seek to analyse its socialist experiment from the perspective of either its internal dynamics or international relations, instead of understanding the revolutionary processes that are part of a counter-current against neoliberal globalisation.

Now that neoliberalism is in crisis, Cuba`s promotion of socialist values is finding renewed relevance. For example, during the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, Cuba offered to assist in various ways the population of the affected areas in the United States because it has huge experience dealing with hurricane devastations and generally its emergency responses to such situations are excellent.

"The Cuban revolution continues to divide and confuse, not least because it is set against absolute measures of what a "true" socialist country should look like", argues Ronald Munck. "... instead (we should) assess Cuba at a key stage in its history from the point of view of its own standards and objectives", he continues.

United States-Cuba migration is far more complicated than what Bryer manufactures it out to be. Even before the triumph of the revolution in 1959, Cubans have emigrated and stayed in the US (United States) for various periods. This was the case during the US-backed dictatorships and Spanish colonialism in Cuba. As far back as the 1800s, Jose Marti, the Cuban patriot spent a considerable time in New York and began nurturing the revolutionary process of liberating Cuba from Spanish rule whilst in the US. Jose Marti`s 14 years in the US were a time of feverish activity. He was both a writer and politician and devoted his time and energy to these twin objectives. It is reported that his passing visit to New York in 1880 had helped establish his reputation among the Cuban exiles, especially, as he had been named provisional president of the Revolutionary Committee of Cubans in New York and upon his return in 1881 marked the beginning of a new era of revolutionary activity in the city.

The US-Cuba migration has a long history and should be understood in that context. There is a close geographical proximity between the US, the world`s largest economy, and Cuba, the small island that has been devastated by Spanish colonialism, US-backed dictatorships, imperialist exploitation including and extra-territorial economic blockade. The issue of Cuban emigration continued to be a sticky point in the post-1959 revolution era but the two countries continued to co-operate on the migration issues even thought there were no formal relations between them. To suggest that the migration issues only manifested with the demarcation of capitalist-socialist fissures is rather disingenuous and untruthful.

Cuba has been placed in a unique place in the US` immigration law and policy as a result of fraught political relations and geographic proximity. The current wave of Cuban migration began on a large-scale to the US in earnest after the overthrow of the Fulgencio Batista regime by Castro-led revolutionaries in 1959. In 1966 the US` Congress passed the Cuban Adjustment Act, which provided a pathway to permanent residence for Cubans who have been physically present in the US for at least one year. As part of a broader strategy to undermine the Cuban revolution, for over half a century following the Cuban revolution in 1959 the US adopted and intensified various measures, such as luring athletes and other prominent Cubans, medical and other professionals, to defect to the US.

Currently, Cubans who arrive in the US, even without proper authorisation, are granted entry and benefits from a fast-track process that allows them legal permanent resident status after one year in the country. This unique policy is based on the disguise that all Cuban emigrants are “political refugees in need of protection”. This may change as the thawing of relations between the US and Cuba continues apace with the process of “normalisation” of relations between the two countries gaining momentum.

Socialist Cuba and its example:

"What is happening in Latin America today" argues George Lambie in `The Cuban Revolution in the 21st Century`: "may be the embryo of that process, and might provide the Cuban Revolution with new opportunities not only to export its ideology and practices, but to secure its own survival and continuity". There is no doubt that Cuba has been able to present itself as a radical alternative in the development debate. It shows that the belief in modernisation theory that prevailed from the end of the World War Two until 1959, and which assumed the less-developed countries would go through stages of economic growth mirroring the experiences of industrialised countries, was deeply flawed.

Thus Bryer`s fundamental basis for social reconfiguration in Cuba is also deeply flawed for its preconceived frameworks. Since the triumph of the revolution, Cuba has been embarking on a process of breaking away from the combination of dependency on the production of primary goods, the lack of diversified export base, an unfair international trade regime, pre-capitalist class relations and roles, and foreign manipulation. All these and more combined to make pre-revolutionary Cuba a highly unequal society, satisfying a few.

Breaking away from this condition with the support of the Soviet bloc allowed Cuba to embark on an alternative strategy, one which promoted a synchronisation of economic and social development and emphasised equality. Indeed, by taking this course, Cuba fan against the grain of mainstream prescriptions. It advocated and supported revolutions. It promoted social progress equally with economic progress. Its aim, argues Lambie, which it partly achieved, was to shift the whole development debate from an East-West axis, based on competition between the superpowers - the US and the Soviet Union, to a North-South struggle between industrialised nations and the Third World.

With the rise of neoliberal globalisation, it was predicted that Cuba was hanging on a thread and on borrowed time. But, as the world focused on the Cuban revolution predicting its inevitable demise in the face of an all-powerful system of neoliberal globalisation, Cuba looked to what it sees as the failing New World Order, whose examples abound everywhere in society marked by the resurgence of right-wing demagogy, poverty, misery and precariousness, floods of migrations, wars of destruction, etc. This path has devastated Africa and Latin America and many parts of Asia while benefiting the West out of their imperialist exploitation and outright colonial oppression or neo-colonial manipulation. It is the system that does not address the problems of human needs, subsistence and dignity but has profit as its only, if not central, programme.

Through its example, Cuba is demonstrating without the validity of its trajectory and will continue to benefit the majority of humanity. Its internationalist missions have played such important roles in human development that various world institutions have lauded its unparalleled work. For Bryer and others, who are bonded by the bonkers of demagogy and a deep rooted anti-communist streak, they fail to appreciate the advances realised and are a danger to society.

Cuba fairs far better the United States in terms of education and has eliminated illiteracy. It has a very high life expectancy rate that is by far higher than many countries on earth. There are many advances that Cuba has achieved in terms of human development indices far above many countries despite the damaging draconian economic blockade imposed on it by the US international dictatorship. #USblockadeOnCubaMustfall!

* Chris `Che` Matlhako is SACP International Affairs Secretary

http://www.sacp.org.za/main.php?ID=5138

Well and good, glad to hear it. But what of the South African revolution?